Pasternack Blog

Antennas are the basic components and devices used to convert electromagnetic signals traveling through free space to a conductive environment via waveguides and transmission lines. Antennas can be as simple as a single exposed conductor or as complicated as modern active/advanced antenna systems (AAS) with hundreds of individual antenna elements and active electronics driving each ..

Many of the latest Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems make use of multiple forms of wireless communication. In some cases, a single IoT module may be equipped with several wireless communication standards for various functions. For high bandwidth connections to infrastructure, cellular communications modules are common. For extremely high bandwidth and short range, or confined operation within ..

Antennas operating at 2.4 GHz are critical to modern wireless communications. Whether you’re setting up Wi-Fi in your home, syncing your Bluetooth devices, or controlling your drone, a 2.4GHz antenna plays an indispensable role. These antennas are widely adopted for their balance between range and data transmission capabilities, supporting technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee, ..

In reality, all types of RF antennas have some degree of directionality. However, there are certain antenna designs and types that are particularly directional compared to other antenna types. A Directional Antenna is useful in applications where it is desirable to receive a signal from a specific direction of origin or otherwise transmit a signal ..

An Antenna Downtilt and Coverage Calculator, or Antenna Tilt Calculator, aids the user by providing an approximate downward angle at which to install a directional antenna to reach desired signal strength and coverage between a transmitter and receiver at different heights and some distance away. An example use case is when a cell-tower directional transceiver ..

Though the terms single-input single-output (SISO) and multi-input multi-output (MIMO) originate with controls engineering, SISO and MIMO are now very commonly discussed in reference to RF antennas. In controls engineering, a SISO system has only one input and one output, such as a DUT with only 2-ports that you can measure with a 2-port Vector ..

An antenna array, or phased array, is a set of two or more antennas whose signals are combined in order to improve performance over that of a single antenna. An antenna array is used to increase overall gain, provide diversity reception, cancel out interference, maneuver the array in a particular direction, gage the direction of ..