Pasternack Blog

Coaxial RF surge protectors, or lightning arresters/surge suppressors, are important components that help protect sensitive radio and sensing electronics with external components or cabling from electromagnetic pulse (EMP) or other types of electrical surges. The basic function of these components is to short the transmission line to ground in the case of surge that exceeds ..

Though there are many RF applications, especially those with operating frequencies in the upper microwave and millimeter-wave spectrum, that rely on hand assembly and testing, there are now an increasing number of RF applications that require automated test equipment (ATE) and systems. For instance, the sheer volume and repetitiveness of semiconductor wafers and chips is ..

The following is a round-up of wireless technology trends predicted in 2020 and possible new wireless technologies we will see in the upcoming year. Major trends and drivers of wireless technology adoption New wireless standards specifically targeting new use cases outside of just cellular or wide-area-network communications. > Greater penetration of wireless technology across all ..

A passive antenna is a radiating element composed entirely of passive components. Typically, this means that a passive antenna system is one with at least a passive radiator (antenna element), passive impedance matching, passive balun, passive tuning (capacitive or inductive), and passive interconnect (commonly 50 Ohm or 75 Ohm impedance). A circulator or isolator may ..

There are many applications, some emerging, that require both phase and amplitude error to be minimized. These applications include synthetic aperture radar using antenna arrays, beamforming/MIMO antenna arrays for communications, actively electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, satellite communications, interference friend or foe (IFF) radar, and many other applications. Many of these applications must also place ..

Third generation partnership project (3GPP) is a standards body that is responsible for the major cellular telecommunication standards used to fuel cellular communication around the world. The latest standards release from 3GPP (Release 15) unleashed 5G new radio (NR) non-standalone (NSA) with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) features that add additional sub-6 GHz frequency bands and ..

A waveguide antenna is a type of antenna that channels RF energy from an air medium into a waveguide, or vice versa. Once the RF energy has been captured, it is either conducted through waveguide interconnect, or picked up by a coaxial interface to later be transmitted through a coaxial assembly. The reverse is also ..

A bi-phase modulator is a component of many complex IQ and quadrature modulator systems, and performs the task of two-state phase modulation (between 0 and 180 degrees) and is often paired with a continuously variable attenuator to provide both amplitude and phase modulation.. Bi-phase modulators can be used directly to produce binary phase shift keying ..

Ultra-reliable Low-latency Communications (URLLC) is a special use case of cellular communications that includes a set of features suited to low latency and ultra-high reliability applications. This includes mission critical applications, such as industrial automation, autonomous vehicles, smart grid, intelligent transportation/freight, and even augmented/virtual reality or remote medical or industrial procedures. It is commonly assumed ..

A class AB amplifier is a highly used amplifier design for high power RF applications, as well as other applications that require high power gain with minimal signal distortion. The main feature benefit is that Class AB amplifiers are biased so that the output current flows for less than one full-cycle of the input waveform, ..